The invention discloses a high-speed pantograph multidisciplinary design method based on a collaborative optimization algorithm, and the method comprises the steps: analyzing design factors influencing the working performance of a high-speed pantograph based on a multidisciplinary design theory, and carrying out the disciplinary classification design of the design factors; carrying out numerical analysis on the design parameters of the subjects, deriving mathematical expressions of the design targets of the subjects, and establishing corresponding optimization design models; based on a globalsensitivity method, analyzing a coupling relation and coupling strength of design variables in the optimization design model of each subject; determining system-level and subject-level design variables according to the coupling strength of the design variables, and solving an optimization value of the design variables in the optimization model of each subject by adopting a multidisciplinary designcollaborative optimization algorithm; and analyzing an optimization result of the pantograph according to the optimization value of the design variable, and establishing a three-dimensional solid model of the pantograph. The working performance of the pantograph is improved, the pantograph net current collecting quality is improved, and a new design research idea is provided for the high-speed pantograph.