The invention discloses a method for identifying thermophysical parameters by using a temperature field based on sensitivity analysis, which comprises the following steps: establishing a structure finite element analysis model, assigning thermophysical parameters, applying a temperature field boundary condition, and carrying out steady-state heat conduction analysis to obtain a stable temperaturefield and a simulation temperature value; testing by adopting a structure which has the same size as the finite element analysis model and is made of the same material to obtain a real temperature field, and selecting representative measuring points; selecting initial parameters of the thermophysical parameters, performing perturbation for 1.2 times on the initial parameters to obtain thermophysical parameters, and performing steady-state heat conduction analysis to obtain a stable temperature field serving as a real temperature field and a test temperature value; performing sensitivity analysis on the thermophysical parameters, namely first-order partial derivative of the temperature to the thermophysical parameters, solving the thermophysical parameters P according to the temperature difference T between the test temperature value and the simulation temperature value, and performing residual analysis on the thermophysical parameters until convergence is realized to obtain accurate thermophysical parameters.