The present invention provides an energy storage battery cabinet with heat dissipation and fire protection functions, which comprises a cabinet body, a fire protection pipeline and a plurality of battery boxes. The top of the cabinet body is provided with a first air inlet and an air outlet mechanism; the fire protection pipeline is arranged through the cabinet body; each battery box communicateswith the fire protection pipeline through its own injection pipe; a fire extinguishing agent and a reburning inhibitor are injected into each battery box through the fire protection pipeline and overflows into each battery box through a first air outlet of the battery box. In the invention, when the battery burns, the fire extinguishing agent is directly injected into each battery box through thefire fighting pipeline at first, thereby the open flame in the battery box is extinguished; then the reburning inhibitor is directly injected into each battery box through the fire fighting pipeline,and each battery box is immersed with the reburning inhibitor so that the battery can not reburn.