The embodiment of the invention provides a non-blocking content caching method and device for a content router. The method comprises the steps of analyzing a packet head of a received first target interest packet request; obtaining keywords and offset; judging whether content corresponding to the keywords exists in a CS (Content Store) or not through utilization of a bloom filter; if the content exists, judging whether an I/O waiting queue in the CS is smaller than a preset threshold or not; if the I/O waiting queue is smaller than the preset threshold, pushing a first target data packet to a server which sends the first target interest packet request; if the I/O waiting queue is not smaller than the preset threshold, judging whether the keywords exists in a pending interest table PIT or not; for the fact that the keywords do not exist in the PIT, sending the keywords to an FIB (forwarding information base); carrying out routing forwarding on the keywords by an upstream router through utilization of the FIB; receiving a sent second target data packet; sending the second target data packet to the server corresponding to a port and then deleting a mapping relationship record; and adding the keywords to a data structure of the bloom filter. According to the method, the problem that the CS is congested frequently is solved.