The invention relates to a sludge filter pressing device with automatic discharging and cleaning effects. The device comprises a filter pressing bin, a filter pressing device, a sludge feeding device,a filtering device, a cleaning device, a conveying device and a water collecting tank, wherein the filter pressing bin is provided with a material inlet for adding a conditioner and a sludge inlet for adding sludge; the filter pressing device is arranged in the filter pressing bin; the sludge feeding device is arranged on the filter pressing bin; the filtering device is arranged in the filter pressing bin; the cleaning device is arranged in the filter pressing bin; the conveying device is arranged on the filter pressing bin; the water collecting tank is extractably arranged at the bottom of the filter pressing bin. According to the provided sludge filter pressing device, a filter pressing groove is formed in a filter cylinder through a rotating wheel type structure, correspondingly cleaning nozzles can be utilized to sequentially spray water to clean a bottom plate of the filter cylinder after filter pressing is completed, and the problem that the filtering efficiency is low in the subsequent filter pressing process due to sludge blockage is avoided.