The invention discloses a synchronous and movable type dipole positioning device with a transient electromagnetic effect for tunnel advanced geological exploration. The synchronous and movable type dipole positioning device comprises an emitting coil and a receiving coil, wherein the emitting coil and the receiving coil are arranged in a tunnel and are separately arranged; the the emitting coil and the receiving coil are arranged at intervals in the direction of the tunnel, and the two coils are parallel to each other; and the receiving coil is positioned on a heading face side. The synchronous and movable type dipole positioning device also comprises a bottom auxiliary device, wherein the bottom auxiliary device comprises circular discs; two symmetrical areas are arranged on the upper wall faces of the various circular discs; the two symmetrical areas use a circle point as a symmetrical center; a plurality of notch grooves are formed along the edges of the two symmetrical areas at intervals; and the various groups of notch grooves are used for clamping the corresponding emitting coil and receiving coil. The emitting coil and the receiving coil carry out three-dimensional probing on the front part of the heading face simultaneously according to the same angle, so that accurate positioning of water-body containing positions and forms of the front part of the heading face of thetunnel can be realized.