The invention provides a method for distinguishing a high modulus agent and an anti-rut agent. The method comprises the following steps of taking a sample to be tested, and measuring a melt mass flowrate of the sample to be tested under a load of 2.16 kg at 190 DEG C; if the melt mass flow rate is less than 2 g/10 min, determining that the sample to be tested is the anti-rut agent; if the melt mass flow rate is greater than or equal to 2g/10min, taking a matrix asphalt sample to prepare an asphalt binder mixed with the sample to be tested; testing ductility of the asphalt binder before and after aging, and/or needle penetration after aging at a temperature of 25 DEG C; if the needle penetration of the asphalt binder after aging is greater than 100, and/or, the ductility of the asphalt binder after aging is greater than the ductility before aging, determining that the sample to be tested is the anti-rut agent; and if the needle penetration of the asphalt binder after aging is less thanor equal to 100 and the ductility of the asphalt binder after aging is less than or equal to the ductility before aging, determining that the sample to be tested is the high modulus agent. The methodis simple and is easy to operate, and the high modulus agent and the anti-rut agent can be effectively and rapidly distinguished.