The invention relates to a multi-piston core-penetrating hydraulic module and a pre-tensioned prestressing construction process based on the multi-piston core-penetrating hydraulic module. According to the hydraulic module, the principle that liquid pressure in a closed space is equal is utilized, a parallel multi-piston cylinder body is adopted, a plurality of oil path channels are arranged in the cylinder body, so that the static oil pressure in the cylinder body is guaranteed to be equal. The center distance of each piston in the cylinder body is 50 mm-85 mm, and the rated oil pressure of the hydraulic module is 70 MPa-130 MPa. The hydraulic module disclosed by the invention is used for carrying out pre-tensioned prestressing construction, so that the error of the prestressing value caused by factors such as deformation and eccentricity of a counter-force device can be eliminated. The hydraulic module is used for carrying out the construction of the pre-tensioned prestressing steelstrand, the error between the actual anchor control stress of the prestressing steel strand and the control stress under the design anchor can be controlled within a very small range, so that the construction precision of the anchor stress of the pre-tensioned prestressing is greatly improved.