The invention belongs to the field of electrode materials, and particularly discloses a nitrogen-sulfur codoped graphene/polyaniline aerogel and a preparation method and application thereof. Accordingto the method, urea and thiourea are compounded to serve as a nitrogen-sulfur co-dopant, a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped graphene hydrogel is obtained through a one-step hydrothermal method, the co-dopedgraphene hydrogel is put into an aniline solution for in-situ polymerization to obtain a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped graphene/polyaniline hydrogel, and finally, the composite aerogel is obtained throughfreeze drying. The optimal doping percentage of the obtained composite aerogel is 3.2% of N and 1.1% of S, the obtained composite aerogel shows an excellent synergistic effect. At a current density of0.5 A/g, the specific mass capacitance of a composite film is as high as 450 F/g, and the capacitance retention rate of the composite film after being circulated 1000 times at a high current densityof 10 A/g is 94%, and the composite film has good electrochemical performance.