The invention discloses a copper electrolysis refining method for generating core-shell structure copper anode mud. The method comprises the steps that thcrude fire process refining, the component proportion of lead, bismuth and oxygen in crude copper is controlled, then, the crude copper obtained after fire process refining is utilized for copper anode plate pouring, gradual changing temperaturegradient cooling is adopted in the copper anode plate pouring process, and then cold quenching is conducted at 650 DEG C-700 DEG C; and the copper anode plate obtained after cold quenching is subjected to copper electrolysis refining, and then the core-shell structure copper anode mud can be generated. The copper electrolysis refining method solves the problem that in the existing copper electrolysis refining process, anode mud floats, and consequently anode passivation is caused.