The invention discloses a power grid investment capability measurement and calculation research method under a power transmission and distribution price reform background, and the method comprises thefollowing steps: S1, building a power selling income model, and calculating a power selling income through the power selling income model; s2, establishing a power transmission and distribution pricemodel, and calculating a power transmission and distribution price; s3, establishing a power transmission and distribution income model, substituting the power transmission and distribution price into the power transmission and distribution income model, and calculating the power transmission and distribution income; s4, establishing a power transmission and distribution cost model, and calculating the power transmission and distribution cost; s5, establishing an allocatable profit model, substituting the electricity selling income, the power transmission and distribution income and the powertransmission and distribution cost into the allocatable profit model, and calculating an allocatable profit; s6, establishing a financing model, and calculating a financing limit through the financing model; s7, establishing a depreciation model, and calculating the depreciation cost through the depreciation model; and S8, establishing a power grid investment capability calculation model, substituting the distributable profit, the financing limit and the depreciation cost into the power grid investment capability calculation model, and calculating the investment capability of the power grid company.