The invention discloses a temperature control and heat preservation box. The temperature control and heat preservation box comprises a box body, a vacuum device is arranged in the box body, heat cycledevices are arranged on the right side and the upper side of the vacuum device, an air extraction device is arranged on the lower side of the vacuum device, and a control device is arranged on the right side of the air extraction device. The air extraction device can extract the air from a cavity in the vacuum device, heat loss can be reduced when the cavity is extracted to the vacuum state, thenswitching is conducted through the control device, the air extraction device communicates with the cycle devices, then heat cycling is conducted on the interior of a storage cavity, certain heating is carried out under the situation of reducing the heat loss, and temperature control and heat preservation are achieved.