The invention provides a hydraulic truck crane energy recovery system based on a super-capacitor and a control method. The hydraulic truck crane energy recovery system based on the super-capacitor comprises the super-capacitor, a DC/DC conversion module, a DC motor, a motor torque sensor, a speed reducer A, a hoisting drum, a load pump, a three-position four-way directional control valve, a balance valve, a motor, a motor torque sensor, a motor speed sensor, a speed reducer B and a controller. Through introducing the DC/DC conversion module for carrying out charging and discharging current management on the super-capacitor and controlling the direct motor output torque, the recovery and the utilization of the load potential energy are realized, and the coordination control of the hydraulicsystem and the DC current in the load hoisting and lowering process is accomplished.