The invention discloses an adaptive education system based on artificial intelligence. The system comprises a control center, a teacher end and student ends, and also comprises an evaluation unit which is used for evaluating the learning stages of students, a learning evaluation unit used for evaluating the learning progress conditions of the students, a learning path customization unit used for formulating personalized learning schemes according to different learning progresses of the students and a knowledge storage unit used for storing knowledge covering the whole education knowledge system. The control center is connected with the teacher end, the student ends, the evaluation unit, the learning evaluation unit, the learning path customization unit and the knowledge storage unit separately. The invention further provides an adaptive education method based on the artificial intelligence. According to the present invention, the teaching aid can automatically adapt to the learning conditions of the students and dynamically adjust teaching according to the learning conditions, so that the personalized education taking the students as the centers is really realized, and the customized education idea of the Confucius is truly realized.