The invention relates to a microseismic damage reconstruction based mining-induced stress evaluation method, and is suitable for use in the field of microseismic monitoring in the field of mine safety. The method specifically comprises the steps of carrying out grid partition on an evaluation area; calculating cumulative deformation energy Epsilon Ei and a microseismic event number or a coal rockloading time Delta ti of each grid node by adoption of an accumulation method; finding out a maximum cumulative deformation energy value max {Epsilon Ei} of the evaluation area and calculating averagecumulative deformation energy Epsilon F; and obtaining mining-induced stress distribution on the basis of calculating damage parameter D distribution. The method has obvious physical and mechanical significance, has involved parameters which are clear and strong in universality and operability, is suitable for programming, has good application feasibility, and can realize approximate real-time inversion of mining-induced stress in coal seam mining processes.