The invention discloses a cogeneration unit configuration method considering an electricity-heat demand side response. The method comprises the steps: acquiring known basic network data of a power grid and a heat supply network; processing the data to obtain a weight target value, a weight target value of a voltage deviation coefficient, a weight target value of annual power grid active loss, a weight target value responded by a power grid demand side and a weight target value of the electricity-heat demand side response, which are configured for a cogeneration unit; comprehensively obtaininga weighted total target value of each load node connected with the cogeneration unit with the unit capacity; and finding out a corresponding load node with the lowest total target value as the installation position of the cogeneration unit, calculating the installation capacity of the cogeneration unit, and performing the configuring. The method can reduce the installation capacity of the cogeneration unit, and can provide more reasonable installation position distribution and capacity selection of the cogeneration unit through optimization operation of a combined heat and power system, and avoids the unnecessary and unreasonable resource waste of the cogeneration unit.