The invention discloses a deep-sea valve rod and filler two- way sealing reliability test device and method. The device comprises a valve cover assembly, a first pressure bearing shell, a second pressure bearing shell, and a driving mechanism; the valve cover assembly comprises a valve cover, a tested valve rod arranged on the valve cover in a penetrating mode and a tested filler assembly arrangedbetween the inner circumferential wall of a filler box hole and the outer circumferential wall of the tested valve rod; the first pressure bearing shell is located on the tested filler assembly sideand is sleeved outside the valve cover; one end of the tested valve rod extends out of the outside of the first pressure bearing shell, and the inner peripheral wall of the first pressure bearing shell, the outer wall of the valve cover, the outer circumferential wall of the tested valve rod and the outer wall of the tested filler assembly are surrounded into a first sealing cavity; the second pressure bearing shell is arranged opposite to the first pressure bearing shell and is sleeved outside the valve cover, and the second pressure bearing shell is fixedly connected with the first pressurebearing shell through a double-head stud; the inner circumferential wall of the second pressure bearing shell and the outer wall of the valve cover are surrounded into a second sealing cavity; and anoutput end of the driving mechanism is connected with one end, which extends outside the first pressure bearing shell, of the tested valve rod.