The invention discloses a speed and current double closed-loop control system and method for a permanent magnet synchronous linear motor. The method comprises the steps of: designing a permanent magnet synchronous linear motor vector control system; designing a fuzzy adaptive sliding-mode speed controller; designing a nonlinear disturbance observation; designing a d-axis fuzzy PID controller; designing a q-axis fuzzy PID controller; obtaining a desired q-axis current reference value as an input of the q-axis fuzzy PID controller according to the designed nonlinear disturbance observer and thedesigned fuzzy adaptive sliding-mode speed controller; setting a d-axis reference current value as 0, and using the id obtained by subtracting park transform from 0 as the input of the d-axis fuzzy PID controller; after the processing by the d-axis fuzzy PID controller and the q-axis fuzzy PID controller, obtaining the ud, uq of the vector control system, and finally outputting the current operating driving voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor by the anti-park transformation and SVPWM modulation through the vector control and an inverter. The method enhances the robustnessof the system.