The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy oil reservoir exploiting and particularly relates to a method for using a supported catalyst to assist microwaves in exploiting a heavy oil reservoir. The method for using the supported catalyst to assist the microwaves in exploiting the heavy oil reservoir comprises the following steps that 1, a supported catalyst fluid section plug is injected into the heavy oil reservoir; 2, microwave generation equipment is additionally arranged in the heavy oil reservoir, and an oil layer containing supported catalyst fluid is subjected to size heating; and 3, the microwave generation equipment is closed, water is injected into the heavy oil reservoir to carry out follow-up displacement, and the water injection speed is smaller than or equal to 3m/d. According to the method, the comprehensive design is carried out from multiple angles of the condition for exploiting the heave oil reservoir, selection of a nanometer catalytic system, setting ofthe specific exploiting technology condition and selection of follow-up displacement power, and the method for exploiting the heavy oil reservoir through the microwaves with high quality and high recovery efficiency is formed.