The invention provides an automatic temperature measuring and sampling method for the door of a steelmaking converter. According to the method, a walking mechanism which moves on a rail on the groundin front of the door of the converter, a suspension type before-the-converter fire blocking door and a temperature measuring and sampling robot, wherein the suspension type before-the-converter fire blocking door and the temperature measuring and sampling robot are jointly arranged on the walking mechanism; at a standby position, the steel slag splashing protection plate of the temperature measuring and sampling robot and the suspension type before-the-converter fire blocking door form a complete converter slag splashing and high-temperature radiation protection baffle; the robot collects thereal-time image information of the mouth of the converter and provides the information for an operator in maintenance converter; and the robot collects molten steel and slag block position informationand can independently decide and control the stretching distance and insertion position of a temperature measuring and sampling probe. According to the method of the invention, the robot is used forreplacing manual operation to perform temperature measurement and sampling; and therefore, the operator can be protected from being scalded by splashing steel slag, and an operation success rate is remarkably improved. The method is an advanced technology with a bright application prospect.