The invention provides a power distribution network fault visualization simulation and backtracking system. The system comprises: a power distribution network model construction module used for visually constructing a power distribution network model corresponding to a power distribution network; an information import processing module connected with the power distribution network model construction module and used for visually importing the fault sequence and the wave recording file of the power distribution network; and a fault backtracking module connected with the power distribution network model construction module and the information import processing module, and configured to determine the fault occurrence time and the electrical equipment with faults in the power distribution network according to the fault sequence and the wave recording file, perform feeder automation processing, and dynamically reproduce the whole process of feeder automation of the power distribution networkat the fault occurrence time through the power distribution network model. The present invention further provides a power distribution network fault visualization simulation and backtracking method.The power distribution network fault visualization simulation and backtracking system and method can simulate and backtrack the faults of the power distribution network and can perform visual display.The effect is reliable, and the safe operation of the power distribution network can be ensured.