The invention discloses an intelligent power grid resource management method and system based on time delay and throughput, and the method comprises the steps: receiving and analyzing the informationof a power service, and obtaining a service demand; slicing and classifying the power services of the power grid resources to be distributed according to service requirements; calculating a downlink transmission rate corresponding to each slice, and calculating to obtain a real-time cache queue length corresponding to each slice according to the downlink transmission rate; calculating a binary variable distribution scheme corresponding to the maximum value of the downlink transmission rate of the eMBB slice and the optimal transmission power between the power equipment corresponding to each slice and the gNode B; carrying out power setting on the power equipment according to the result. According to the method and the system, the resource blocks of the smart power grid are reasonably distributed by analyzing and confirming the limiting conditions of the time delay and the throughput, and the throughput is improved to the maximum extent on the basis of ensuring the time delay requirement, so that the optimization of smart power grid resource management is realized.