The invention relates to a self-adaption jacking and pushing device and a using method thereof. The self-adaption jacking and pushing device comprises a base, a telescopic piece arranged on the base,and a cushion plate connected to the top of the telescopic piece, wherein various portions of the telescopic piece can freely stretch out and draw back to be adjusted different; the telescopic piece is hollow inside so as to form a gas cavity variable in volume; the telescopic piece is provided with a gas inlet communicating with the gas cavity; the interior of the gas cavity is inflated through the gas inlet, so that the various portions of the telescopic piece can stretch out and draw back to be adjusted and the cushion plate can be jacked and pushed to ascend; through a jacked and pushed component located on the cushion plate, the cushion plate is limited, then the telescopic amount of the various portions of the telescopic piece can be subjected to self-adaption adjustment, and therefore self-adaption jacking and pushing are achieved. The self-adaption jacking and pushing device effectively solves the problem that the cushion plate cannot easily adhere to the bottom of the component, the cushion plate can adhere to the bottom of components in different gradients, the condition of eccentric pressing is avoided, meanwhile, manpower and material resources are saved, the construction efficiency is improved, and potential safety hazards are also eliminated.