The invention discloses an emergency protective structure used for a land-side slope of an earth-rock dam and an earth-rock dyke as well as protective measures, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. The emergency protective structure comprises a plurality of anti-scouring seepage-proofing composite geotextile materials which sequentially spread on a wave wall and the land-side slope, a hook assembly for fixing the anti-scouring seepage-proofing composite geotextile materials onto the wave wall, and a fixing assembly for fixing the anti-scouring seepage-proofing compositegeotextile materials onto the land-side slope. The protective measures mainly comprise hook and wave wall embedding, fixing assembly mounting, anti-scouring seepage-proofing composite geotextile material spreading, and fixing of the anti-scouring seepage-proofing composite geotextile materials by the hook assembly and the fixing assembly. The emergency protective structure has the advantages of being good in high-speed water flow scouring resistance, seepage prevention, dam base and dyke earth-rock material protection, and the like. The construction method is simple, construction speed is high, and a repeated utilization factor is high.