The invention discloses a mounting method of a fire-proof and explosion-proof structure with a penetrating hole. The method comprises the following steps that the matched fire-proof and explosion-proof structure is selected; a steel joist layer is mounted and fixed; mounting groove openings of a second fire-proof and explosion-proof plate layer and a first fire-proof and explosion-proof plate layer are filled with fireproof seal materials; the second fire-proof and explosion-proof plate layer and the first fire-proof and explosion-proof plate layer are mounted; the first fire-proof and explosion-proof plate layer and the second fire-proof and explosion-proof plate layer are anchored on the steel joist layer; a fireproof plate layer and a steel plate layer are mounted; the fireproof plate layer and the steel plate layer are anchored on the steel joist layer; and a mounting line is blocked; and during mounting, the mounting method of outward expanding with the penetrating object as the center is adopted, the fire-proof and explosion-proof seal of the penetrating object in the fire-proof and explosion-proof structure is effectively ensured, the fire-proof and explosion-proof propertyof the weak fire-proof and explosion-proof link of the penetrating hole position can be greatly improved, and therefore, the fire-proof and explosion-proof property of the whole body can be greatly improved.