The invention provides a structure system for controlling deformation of subway shield tunnels and a construction method of the structure system for controlling deformation of the subway shield tunnels. The structure system comprises a foundation pit support, a base structure, a group of wall bodies and a structure top plate. The foundation pit support is arranged on one side of the subway shieldtunnels and comprises double rows of piles, a group of diagonal bracings and diagonal bracing foundations. The double rows of piles are arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the subway shield tunnels, and an interval exists between the double rows of piles and the subway shield tunnels. The elevation of the top face of the double rows of piles is not lower than the elevation of the bottom face of the base structure. The diagonal bracing foundations are parallel to and spaced with the double rows of piles. The top face of the diagonal bracing foundations is lower than the top faceof the double rows of piles. The group of diagonal bracings are arranged in parallel at intervals between the diagonal bracing foundations and the double rows of piles. The base structure is arrangedon the upper side of the subway shield tunnels. The group of wall bodies are arranged on the top of the base structure in a spaced manner. The structure top plate covers the tops of the group of wallbodies. The structure system for controlling deformation of the subway shield tunnels solves the technical problems that by the adoption of a traditional foundation pit construction method, a dug area can generate large upward floating deformation, and the safety of a to-be-constructed building is harmed.