The invention discloses a method for simultaneously measuring the chemical shrinkage and the apparent volume change of cement mortar. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, stirring cementmortar, then filling the cement mortar into a sample bottle, sealing the bottle opening by using a rubber plug, and then inserting a measuring tube into the rubber plug; adding water into the samplebottle through the measuring tube, stopping adding water when the water level in the measuring tube reaches the scale at the top end of the measuring tube, dropwise adding grease liquid into the measuring tube at the moment, and recording the initial reading of the liquid level of the measuring tube when the cement sample is subjected to primary imaging; selecting a plurality of time points to carry out multiple three-dimensional imaging on the sample, and simultaneously recording the liquid level reading of the measuring tube of the sample; obtaining a chemical shrinkage value from the collected liquid level reading data; performing Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) calculation on the three-dimensional images acquired at different times to obtain three main strain values of the sample at different time intervals, and further solving the apparent volume change of the cement mortar; and finally, comparing the relation between the chemical shrinkage value and the apparent volume change.