The invention is applicable to the technical field of image processing, and provides an illegal behavior recognition method and device and terminal equipment. The illegal behavior identification method comprises the steps of obtaining a to-be-identified image; preprocessing the to-be-identified image by adopting a threshold segmentation method; using the violation behavior sample set to train theconvolutional neural network model; and based on the trained convolutional neural network model, identifying the preprocessed to-be-identified image, and determining whether there is an illegal behavior. The violation behavior recognition method is used for detecting the substation site, violation behaviors of workers on the substation site can be found in time, measures can be taken in time, potential safety hazards are eliminated, and the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved.