The invention relates to a modular mobile type purification device for airborne radioactive matter. The device comprises an air inlet module, a fan module, and a filter part arranged between the air inlet module and the fan module; and the filter part comprises one or more selected from a smoke filter module, an aerosol filter module and an iodine adsorption module, the filter part is selectivelycombined with the air inlet module and the fan module according to the requirements in a use occasion, and the modules are tightly connected by connecting mechanisms and sealed by sealing members. According to the device provided by the invention, through the modular design, the modules can be separately transported, moved and further recombined; through a combination of the modules, the filteringrequirements in different environments can be realized; and through arrangement of an easily-torn film of an outer shell, the easily-torn film can be peeled off every time after the device is used, so that the problem of surface contamination of the device can be effectively solved.