The invention discloses a quantum optical network service fault recovery method and device based on a key pool. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a service affected when a quantum network fault occurs; sorting the services according to the attribute information of the services; determining a service recovery threshold value according to the secret key capacity of the secret key pool andthe service characteristics; and recovering the ranked services according to the service recovery threshold. Implementation of the invention, sorting the influenced services according to the attributeinformation of the services; determining a service recovery threshold value according to the key capacity and the service characteristics of the key pool. The sorted services can be recovered to thethreshold value under the supplement of the protection path and the key pool, the survivability of more services is ensured, the service recovery threshold value fully utilizes the key of the key pool, the characteristics of services are considered, and therefore the method is adopted to recover the affected services, and the recovery efficiency is higher.