The invention provides an inspection data transmission method, an inspection robot and an inspection system, applied to technical field of power transmission and distribution. the method comprises thefollowing steps: acquiring inspection data by an inspection robot, then encrypting the inspection data, to obtain inspection data ciphertext, then, transmitting the signals to a local robot server through a public broadband network, decrypting the inspection data ciphertext, to obtain inspection data, processing the inspection data to obtain to-be-transmitted data suitable for electric power wireless private network transmission, encrypting the to-be-transmitted data, transmitting the encrypted to-be-transmitted data to an inspection robot through a public broadband network, and finally transmitting the to-be-transmitted data to a remote server by the inspection robot through the electric power wireless private network. The data transmitted through the public broadband network is encrypted, so that the security of data transmission can be ensured, the data capacity of the processed data to be transmitted is suitable for being transmitted by using an electric power wireless private network, and the transmission efficiency and the security of data transmission can be improved.