The invention relates to boiler water cooling equipment and a temperature measuring module assembly method. The boiler water cooling equipment comprises a water cooling pipe, a temperature detecting module and a thermal insulation piece; the water cooling pipe is provided with a fire facing surface and a fire deviating surface; the temperature measuring module comprises a platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire and a temperature displayer; the inner end of the platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire is connected with the fire facing surface, and the outer end of the platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire is connected with the temperature displayer; and the thermal insulation piece covers the inner end of the platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire. The temperature measuring module assembly method comprises the temperature measuring module; the temperature measuring module comprises the platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire and the temperature displayer; and the mounting process is as follows: the inner end of the platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire is connected with the fire facing surface, and the outer end of the platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire is connected with the temperature displayer; the thermal insulation piece is manufactured, and is connected with the water cooling pipe; and the thermal insulation piece covers the inner end of the platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire. The boiler water cooling equipment can measure the temperature of the fire facing surface more accurately and more reliably.