The invention provides a fault current limiter configuration method and device. According to a first objective function obtained by a voltage interaction factor among a plurality of HVDC converter stations, and a second objective function obtained according to short-circuit fault current change values before and after a fault current limiter installed at the node where the short-circuit fault occurs, a third objective function is obtained; then by combining a plurality of limiting conditions of the fault current limiter, a fault current limiter configuration model is obtained; finally the target parameter and the target position of each fault current limiter are determined according to the fault current limiter configuration model; and each fault current limiter in a power grid is configured in a power grid according to the target parameter and the target position, and meanwhile, the current limiting effect of the fault current limiter and the effect of inhibiting the risk of phase change failure are considered, and only one fault current limiter is arranged at each time, so that the parameter and the position of each fault current limiter are both ensured to be optimal, and the parameters and the positions of the previous fault current limiter are optimal for the next fault current limiter, and the optimal utilization of resources is guaranteed.