The invention relates to a transmission data configuration method based on an MTU value, which is used for realizing stable and rapid transmission of data between a sending end and a receiving end. The sending end extracts feature information of a data segment to be sent through a preset feature extraction algorithm, and the receiving end configures a corresponding MTU according to the feature value through a preset MTU configuration strategy to establish a data sending channel and obtain an MTU value, and generates a feedback signal to the sending end according to the MTU value; and when receiving a feedback signal, the sending end splits the data segment to be sent into a plurality of data packets according to the MTU value and the feature information of the data segment and sends the data packets in sequence. By adopting the method provided by the invention, an unpacking action (because the size of the data packet is smaller than or equal to an MTU value) does not occur in the IP layer, meanwhile, the data sending efficiency is ensured, and the situation of packet loss is avoided as much as possible.