Embodiments of the invention provide a real-time optimization method and apparatus used for a continuous reforming device. The method specifically includes the following steps: establishing a real-time optimization model of the continuous reforming device, obtaining initial parameters for introducing the real-time optimization model of the continuous reforming device, and performing effective treatment on the initial parameters to obtain to-be-introduced data; transmitting the to-be-introduced data to the real-time optimization model of the continuous reforming device, solving a target optimization function within a range corresponding to a constraint condition, and determining an optimal device operation parameter corresponding to an optimal solution of a target function; and performing optimization based on a current control parameter of an optimal device control parameter to the continuous reforming device. Since advantages of a mechanism model and a data experience model are fullyperformed, a mixed model can reflect real physical characteristics of a process of the continuous reforming device, the model extrapolation capability is also improved, and real-time optimization solution efficiency and stability performance are improved.