The invention provides a complete machine dynamic characteristic-oriented machine tool supporting piece quality matching method, and belongs to the technical field of machine tools, capable of optimizing the first-order inherent frequency and X, Y and Z three-direction amplitude values of the whole machine and improving the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool by matching the mass of each supporting piece of the machine tool. The complete machine dynamic characteristic-oriented machine tool supporting piece quality matching method mainly comprises the following four steps: establishinga finite element model of the machine tool and experimental verification; determining an optimization target and a variable design space; constructing a machine tool dynamic characteristic approximation model; and performing machine tool dynamic characteristic optimization based on quality matching. Compared with the traditional machine tool supporting piece design which lacks the research on themapping relation between the dynamic characteristics of the whole machine tool and the mass of each supporting piece, the complete machine dynamic characteristic-oriented machine tool supporting piecequality matching method constructs a mathematical model between the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool and the quality of each supporting piece, provides a complete method, is high in operability, has remarkable optimization effect on the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, and is conductive to improvement of the machining quality of the machine tool.