The invention discloses a switch cabinet overheat fault identification method, and relates to the field of switch cabinet overheat fault monitoring. The method comprises the steps of: deploying temperature sensors in a switch cabinet and on the surface of the cabinet body to obtain temperature data in and on the surface of the cabinet body in the case of fault and normal operation of the switch cabinet; establishing an electro-magnetic-fluid coupling simulation model of the switch cabinet, and correcting a temperature field simulation model of the switch cabinet according to collected temperature data to be tested; respectively simulating a plurality of switch cabinet overheat faults via the corrected electro-magnetic-fluid coupling simulation model of the switch cabinet to obtain trainingsamples; and constructing a decision-making tree according to the training samples, and identifying the fault of the switch cabinet according to the decision-making tree, so that the internal temperature of the switch cabinet and possible fault types are indirectly and accurately diagnosed through the temperature of the cabinet body. The switch cabinet overheat fault identification method disclosed by the invention can be easily used and mastered by field workers, and can be widely used in laboratory project researches and onsite online test identification.