The invention discloses a transformation induced plasticity steel martensite transformation strength increment characterization method and system. The method comprises the steps of carrying out stretching of different deformation quantity on transformation induced plasticity steel at a room temperature, thereby obtaining a martensite content-stretching deformation quantity curve; carrying out pre-deformation of different deformation quantity on the transformation induced plasticity steel at a second preset temperature, wherein the second preset temperature is a temperature value which is greater than or equal to a critical deformation temperature; carrying out secondary stretching on each piece of pre-deformed transformation induced plasticity steel at the room temperature, thereby obtaining secondary stretching engineering stress-strain curves; determining a subsequent yield stress corresponding to each secondary stretching engineering stress-strain curve; determining a martensite transformation caused strength increment; and establishing a strength increment prediction model according to the martensite transformation caused strength increment and the martensite content-stretchingdeformation quantity curve, thereby realizing quantitative characterization for the martensite transformation caused strength increment. According to the method and the system, the quantitative characterization for the transformation induced plasticity effect caused strength increment is solved.