The invention provides a construction method of 'pressure relief-extraction-water injection' integrated prevention and control of coal petrography composite disasters. The method includes the steps that shallow large-diameter pressure relief holes are drilled at a certain distance in an upper gateway and a lower gateway of the coal face; the shallow large-diameter pressure relief holes are sealed, and then gas is extracted; one of the shallow large-diameter pressure relief holes is selected every other shallow large-diameter pressure relief hole and deep boreholes are continued to be drilled, thus the shallow large-diameter pressure relief holes and the deep boreholes are staggered back and forth, the deep boreholes are staggered on the upper gateway and the lower gateway, and then the deep boreholes are resealed; every two adjacent deep boreholes are considered as a group, the previous one in each group is used as a gas extraction hole and the later one is used as a water injection hole, and gas extraction and coal petrography water injection are conducted simultaneously; and all deep boreholes complete gas extraction and water injection and then construction is completed. According to the construction method, through mutual crossing and cooperation of deep gas extraction and water injection, 'pressure relief-extraction-water injection' integrated prevention and control of rock burst and coal and a gas outburst combined dynamic disaster technology can achieve the best effect.