The invention provides a capacitor production aftertreatment method and system. The aftertreatment method comprises the steps that aged capacitors are discharged into a specific material frame, and a first electronic label is arranged on the material frame; the material frame is transported to a line edge bin, and the capacitors in the material frame are subjected to standing and cooling; according to the work order information and first electronic label storage information, the material frame corresponding to the work order information is taken out of the line edge bin; the cooled capacitors are subjected to secondary characteristic sorting, and good capacitors are sorted; according to the work order information, the good capacitors are subjected to adaptation treatment, and the capacitor products of the preset specification can be obtained; the capacitor products are subjected to appearance detection, appearance good capacitors are sorted and are packaged into a packaging box, and a second electronic label is implanted into the packaging box; and the packaging box with the second electronic label implanted is conveyed and stored into a finished product tail stock bin. The aftertreatment process of the whole capacitors after aging can be achieved, the RFID technology is used, the automatic bin seal of the capacitor finished products can be achieved, the capacitor delivery efficiency is improved, and the manual cost is reduced.