The invention provides a multi-resonance nano rice-shaped surface enhanced hyper-Raman scattering substrate, which is used for solving the problems of the high preparation cost, strict experimental condition requirements and the poor enhancement effect of a nano structure of the conventional surface enhanced hyper-Raman scattering substrate. The multi-resonance nano rice-shaped surface enhanced hyper-Raman scattering substrate comprises at least one rice-shaped nano rice metal structure with different lengths and widths. The substrate has two high scattering peaks in near infrared and optical frequency regions, which respectively correspond to first order resonance and second order resonance, and two near field 'hot spots' at different frequencies occur at the same spatial position; the electric field enhancement effect can be further improved by adjusting the parameters of the nano rice structure; the wavelength ranges of the first order resonance and the second order resonance can be adjusted through the structural parameters, so that two main plasma resonances with electric field enhancement can be respectively matched with the hyper-Raman scattering excitation light beams and the second-order Stokes scattering light beams; and the structure is simple, and the electromagnetic enhancement effect, the stability and the reproducibility are high.