The invention discloses a power grid supervision index key element extraction method and device. The power grid supervision index key element extraction method comprises the steps: taking the enhancedsupervision of a power grid enterprise under a power transformation new situation as a background, sorting power grid supervision files issued in recent years, and carrying out the classification andanalysis of the specific requirements of the files on the power grid enterprise; analyzing the influence of the supervision requirement on the power grid development, and summarizing the influence factors of the power grid development; based on the ISM technology, realizing the action path identification of specific supervision requirements on power grid development; quantifying the influence ofsupervision factors on power grid development based on a sensitivity analysis technology, establishing a key factor identification method which influences the power grid development under the supervision condition by applying an ANP technology, and extracting supervision key factors in combination with instance power grid research; mastering the specific influence of specific supervision requirements on power grid development, and being clear in the action path is clear; and analyzing key factors influencing power grid development under the supervision condition, extracting the supervision keyfactors, achieving policy implementation effect deduction, and providing decision reference for policy making.