The invention provides a method for analyzing time-frequency spectrogram of explosive impact response data. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the discrete acceleration signal of theexplosive impact response; calculating the VMD-Rihaczek time-frequency distribution function of the explosive impact response data, and analyzing non-stationary time-varying characteristics of explosive impact excitation; solving low-dimensional characteristic information of a high-dimensional explosive impact response time-frequency image matrix by using a non-negative matrix decomposition method, and quantifying the non-stationary time-varying characteristics of explosive impact response data; and based on impact response spectrum and impact response time-frequency distribution characteristic information, establishing a mapping relation between the explosive impact response data characteristic information and the explosive impact environment by using a D-S evidence fusion theory. According to the analyzing method provided by the invention, impact damage effect is reflected, and at the same time, the fine identification of the explosive impact response excitation is carried out, and amore comprehensive explosive impact environment evaluation index is provided, so that a reference is provided for development of a ground simulation test.