The invention relates to a characterization method for color generation performance of a mobile phone screen, and belongs to the technical field of digital media imaging. The method comprises the following steps of selecting a plurality of red, green and blue three-primary colors, white field colors and the like as representative colors of color generation of the mobile phone screen, and establishing a mathematical relationship from RGB (Red Green Blue) to CIEXYZ chromaticity of the color generation of the mobile phone screen; solving a three-primary-color CIExy chromaticity value, a CIExy color gamut diagram and a CIE three-dimensional color appearance color gamut diagram of the color of the mobile phone according to the representative color chromaticity and the mathematical relationship;extracting a plurality of groups of RGB color values of at least five typical memory colors and medium gray, testing color generation chromaticity and color appearance values, drawing a color appearance value curve of the color appearance values along with changes of RGB color serial numbers, and solving quality parameters; and representing the color generation performance of the mobile phone screen by using the three-primary-color CIExy chromaticity, the CIExy two-dimensional color gamut diagram, the CIE three-dimensional color appearance color gamut diagram, and the color appearance value curves and the quality parameters of the memory color and the medium gray. According to the method, multi-angle and multi-level representation is given to the color generation performance of the mobilephone screen.