The invention discloses a nanometer fiber hollow sphere sponge material, and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of nanometer fiber material preparation. According to the preparation method, a thermoplastic polymer nanometer fiber is dispersed in an adverse solvent to form a suspension solution, centrifugation dispersion is carried out to obtain a pure nanometer fiber material,after emulsion reaction with a chemical crosslinking agent and a surfactant, intermeshing stacking is realized, and freeze drying is carried out so as to obtain the nanometer fiber hollow sphere sponge material. The nanometer fiber hollow sphere sponge material is high in specific surface area, uniform in particle size distribution, small in nanometer hollow sphere particle size, and stable in structure, can be widely used in water body pollutant adsorption removing, and possesses great adsorption effect.