The invention discloses a cable trench inspection robot, a system and a method. The cable trench inspection robot comprises a vehicle body, wherein a central processing unit is arranged in the vehiclebody, at least one driving wheel is arranged at each of the two ends of the bottom of the vehicle body correspondingly, at least four motor drivers are arranged in the vehicle body, one driving wheelis at least connected with one driving motor and one steering motor, the driving motors are connected with the motor drivers, the steering motors are connected with the motor drivers, at least two ultrasonic sensors are arranged at the rear end of the vehicle body, a gas sensor is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body, and the motor drivers, the ultrasonic sensors and the gas sensor are allelectrically connected with the central processing unit. The robot has the beneficial effects of being compact in structure, suitable for narrow space positioning and moving, light in weight, capableof improving working duration, excellent in system expansibility and capable of conveniently carrying detection elements.