The invention discloses a device for driving a pyrolysis reaction of a carbon-containing material by concentrating solar energy. The device comprises a tank body, a heat exchange unit, a heat storagephase change medium and pyrolysis reaction units; the heat exchange unit comprises one or more heat exchange pipes distributed in the tank body, and the heat exchange pipes are used for circulation ofa heat source medium; a void space in the tank body is filled with the heat storage phase change medium, and the heat storage phase change medium is used for heat exchange of the heat source medium circulating in the heat exchange pipes and providing thermal energy for the pyrolysis reaction units; and one or more pyrolysis reaction units are distributed in the tank body, the interior of each pyrolysis reaction unit is filled with one temperature-controlled phase change medium, the temperature-controlled phase change medium is used for heat exchange of the heat storage phase change medium, and the pyrolysis reaction units provide a reaction site with a stable temperature for pyrolysis of biomass. The device provided by the invention solves the technical problem that a pyrolysis reaction of biomass is unstable because of fluctuation of a heat source in a related technology.