The invention discloses a high-plasticity quasi-mesh-shaped structure titanium-based composite material. Titanium or a titanium alloy is used as a substrate, the TiC phase synthesized on the Ti substrate in situ and TiC@graphene synthesized on the Ti substrate in situ are used as enhancement bodies, the enhancement bodies are evenly and discontinuously distributed at the position of the original beta grain boundary of the Ti substrate, and a quasi-mesh-shaped structure is formed. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the high-plasticity quasi-mesh-shaped structure titanium-based composite material. According to the method, titanium-based spherical powder particles with rough surfaces are added in a graphene nanosheet suspension solution, mixed powder is prepared, and spark plasma sintering is conducted. By means of distribution states and structures of the enhancement bodies, namely, the TiC phase and the TiC@graphene, in the titanium-based composite material, the enhancement phase surrounded substrate is obtained, strength of the titanium-based composite material is improved, and extension plasticity of the titanium-based composite material is ensured. Accordingto the high-plasticity quasi-mesh-shaped structure titanium-based composite material, by conducting titanium-based powder surface pretreatment and wet method material mixing, the blending degree of the graphene and the titanium substrate is increased, and the defect that the room temperature deformation capacity and extension plasticity of the graphene titanium-based composite material are poor isovercome.