The invention discloses a power distribution network optimization reconstruction method based on consideration of heat island effect load prediction. The method comprises the steps of establishing a short-term load prediction model IGA-ELM added with heat island effect influence factors;, inputting data information of each node of the power distribution network, obtaining active and reactive loadsof each node at predicted 24 time points; determining a network optimization reconstruction model which enables the target function to be optimal under the condition that the constraint condition ismet; carrying out distribution network topology analysis to simplify a wiring mode between power equipment in an actual distribution network, establishing a distribution network simplification model,laying a foundation for realizing network reconstruction by utilizing an improved genetic algorithm, carrying out search optimization on the distribution network by utilizing the improved genetic algorithm, and changing the on-off state of an interconnection switch to obtain an optimal network topology. After heat island effect influence factors are added, the short-term power load prediction precision is further improved, the power grid loss is reduced, economic operation is realized, and the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved.