The invention discloses a power distribution network fault identification method based on an intelligent power grid dispatching control system. By setting a relay protection definite value of a step-down transformer substation in a power supply area, fault detection of the intelligent power grid dispatching control system for a 10kV power distribution main line part of the transformer substation is realized, moreover, by setting relay protection definite values of power distribution branch lines, fault detection for the power distribution branch line parts is realized in a power supply servicecommanding platform, and then Boolean calculation is carried out by using fault detection information of two platforms, including a method for establishing a power distribution network line short-circuit fault network model, a method for carrying out short-circuit impedance calculation on power distribution network electrical equipment, a method for calculating short-circuit current peak value, amethod for customizing and setting a power distribution network relay protection device and a method for judging fault information of a power distraction network line main line and power distributionnetwork line branch lines of the power supply service commanding platform to obtain specific faulty lines. Fast recognition can be carried out on the fault positions of a power distribution network,so that the power supply reliability of the power distribution network is improved.